Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized PHYSICAL AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

To investigate the response of corn to combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural AND Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a rANDomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use CHEMICAL fertilizers based on soil test) AND T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) AND grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment AND T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) AND specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth AND growth indices of the plant. Combined application of CHEMICAL fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth AND final grain yield of corn.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational centers AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including lAND use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, AND attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially lAND use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which PHYSICAL AND non-PHYSICAL characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical AND experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, AND walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators AND criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical AND experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of lAND use, travel habits, AND access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas AND which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results AND discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, AND pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence AND pro-liking for personal cars, variety AND density of retail stores, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between PHYSICAL AND non-PHYSICAL factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different PHYSICAL development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of PHYSICAL development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior AND finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables AND data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning AND urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods AND criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the PARAMETERS whose changes have the greatest AND least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, AND oxidative stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg AND 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, AND a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, CHEMICAL composition, colorimetric properties, AND oxidative stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, AND 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, AND Hue. The highest ash concentration AND the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs AND increased the meat oxidative stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color AND increasing the meat oxidative stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

Widespread immigrant beekeeping activity, inadequate quality queen bee production AND the excess of uncontrolled crossbreeding are great problems for the quality of honey bee races in Türkiye. However, the effects of uncontrolled crossbreeding on the spermatological PARAMETERS are not fully known. In this study, samples were analyzed in terms of morphometric PARAMETERS such as cubital index, hantel index AND discoidal shift. Drones belonging to the same colonies were investigated in terms of spermatological PARAMETERS such as total motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI), Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) AND spermatozoa concentration (SCON). The wing index values of the samples were similar to the wing values of some races. Racial similarities rates were50% Caucasian (A. m. caucacia), 49% Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca), 24% Brown (A. m. mellifera), 13% Italian (A. m. ligustica) AND 8% Carnolian (A. m. carnica). These results showed that the expected Anatolian race in the region had changed greatly AND there is a danger of crossbreeding of bee races (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) in Central Anatolia Region. The averages of spermatological PARAMETERS were 85% motility, 82% PMI, 78% MMP AND 5.9 × 109/ml sperm concentration. In addition, no significant correlative relationship was found between morphometric AND spermatological PARAMETERS (p˃0.05). In this study, the samples of honey bee colonies in the Central Anatolia Region showed rANDom AND uncontrolled crossbreeding among different races. The spermatological PARAMETERS were found to be sufficient for fertility but there was no significant relationship detected statistically between the spermatological AND morphometric PARAMETERS.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme AND rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth performance, rumen AND blood PARAMETERS of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were rANDomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs AND 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption AND feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs AND acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs AND isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH AND ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein AND albumin did not altered. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number AND percentage of white cells including lymphocytes AND eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on performance PARAMETERS AND immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA AND acetate AND increased the concentration of propionate.

In this study, CHEMICAL compositions of black seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning ZANDi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely rANDomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal AND without black seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal AND 9% black seed meal AND 3) diet containing 18% black seed meal AND without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, AND crude ash of black seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 AND 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail AND total body fat deposition. Albumin AND total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of blood triglyceride, cholesterol AND urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat AND protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance AND nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.